A traditional Turkmen carpet or carpet product is a handwoven woollen textile product that is decorated with ornamental elements. Turkmenistan is the country of origin of this traditional Turkmen carpet-making art and there are five main tribes represented by this tradition. It is also worthy to note that these rugs are produced in Pakistan and Iran; neighbouring countries to Turkmenistan.
A few centuries ago, most Turkmen rugs were made by nomadic tribes. They used local materials, including wool from the herds and vegetable dyes from the land, and geometrical designs. The pattern irregularities were considered appealing to rug collectors. Recently, large rug workshops have appeared in the cities, resulting in fewer irregularities and a change in technology. Today, natural dyes are used together with synthetic dyes.
With respect to texture and quality, it is necessary to differentiate between the types of rugs. Each of these carpets is upholstered in a dense texture ornamented with a characteristic pattern of colors. Their main characteristic is their patterns, which are arranged in linear geometric arrangements.
Carpet designs reflect the local flora and fauna as well as the environment in which the carpet weaver lives – a combination of threads, patterns, and colors that help create the carpet designs. Turkmen carpets are typically woven on horizontal or vertical looms, using different colored wool threads.
As well as being used as floor coverings and wall decorations, carpets are woven especially for significant ceremonies such as the birth of a child, wedding ceremonies and prayers. In addition, carpets are woven especially for mourning and melancholic purposes.
It is widely recognized that carpet-making art is a symbol of Turkmen identity and unity, which is fully integrated into Turkmen social and cultural life. This tradition is well recognized and respected and it is even inscribed on the representative list of the intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This art also has a significant influence on Turkmenistan society in diverse ways, and young men are given a viable employment opportunities.
Furthermore, related skills and knowledge are transmitted within the family, and the viability of the tradition has been continuously ensured by community members. By bringing together many diverse communities and strengthening social ties and cooperation through its annual celebration, Carpet Day plays a crucial role in fostering peace and preserving the identity of this landlocked country in Central Asia.