In Estremoz, clay figures have been produced since the seventeenth century, and they have distinctive aesthetic features. The clay figures are dressed in traditional Alentejo attire, or in clothing from Christian icons, according to specific themes. Due to the fact that most of the figures depict nature elements, local trades, and events, popular traditions, and devotions, the craft is strongly tied to the Alentejo region.
The first 'boniqueiras' were women who made saints in their own homes for devotional purposes. They used to be carved in wood, but they cost a lot, so one day someone decided to make a saint from clay, which was available and much cheaper. Estremoz figures have very characteristic aesthetic features that make them immediately identifiable. The process of creating Estremoz Clay Figures involves several days of effort. The elements of the figures are assembled, and then they are fired in an electric oven. The artisan then paints them and covers them with a colorless varnish. The clay figures are usually dressed in the regional attire of Alentejo or the clothes of Christian religious iconography or in regional outfits reflecting spirit, humor, and work from the Alentejo region. Throughout its history, Estremoz became famous for the quarries and markets of its high-quality white marble, as well as for the red clay that came to make the traditional figures found in local craft shops.
Through non-formal education workshops and pedagogical initiatives by artisans and the Centre for the Appreciation and Safeguarding of the Estremoz Clay Figure, the artisans ensure the viability and recognition of their craft. Fairs are organized locally, nationally, and internationally, and knowledge and skills are transmitted to the next generation in family workshops and professional contexts, as well as through non-formal training initiatives by artisans. Schools, museums, fairs, and other events are used to promote awareness of the art form among artisans.
The art of creating clay figures is still very active today. This skill is passed on from generation to generation in family workshops. So in authenticity workshops, tourists will get to experience the whole process of handcrafting clay figures. Tourists can also come to the Center of Appreciation and Safeguarding of the Estremoz Clay Figure to get a full experience of handcrafting clay figures. There are over 100 different Bonecos de Estremoz registered now. There is a wide range of styles, including modern and traditional. They all have one thing in common, which is that they represent the Alentejo people and their rural lifestyles.
References
(https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/craftmanship-of-estremoz-clay-figures-01279) (https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonecos_de_Estremoz) (https://www.azores-adventures.com/2017/12/craftsmanship-of-estremoz-clay-figures-is-recognized-as-unesco-intangible-cultural-heritage-of-human.html) (https://visitestremoz.com/2021/11/03/bonecos-de-estremoz-a-living-tradition/)