Chinese calligraphy is an artistic practice whose purpose is to fulfill the practical function of information exchange through the writing of Chinese characters, using brushes, ink, and paper as the main tools and materials. In addition to conveying human contemplation of nature, society, and life, the Chinese characters also reflect the unique character, spirit, temperament, interest, and philosophy of the Chinese people through special graphic symbols and writing rhythms. The development and evolution of Chinese calligraphy have paralleled the appearance and evolution of Chinese characters over a period of more than 3,000 years.
In ancient times, calligraphy was an invaluable skill for intellectuals and officials, who played a key role in its development and inheritance. These activities, accompanied by a culture of calligraphy, contributed to the important spiritual life space of the Chinese. For example, the earliest Chinese characters found are the inscriptions on bones, tortoise shells, and bronze from the Shang Dynasty (14th to 11th century B.C.). It was during the late Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin Dynasties (roughly from the late 2nd century A.D. to the early 4th century A.D.) that the use of Chinese characters evolved into a means of recording information that also served as an aesthetic component of ritual.
Chinese calligraphy has long been more than just a tool for communication; it incorporates the element of artistry that is still valued in an age of ballpoint pens and computers. Moreover, Chinese calligraphy is no longer just a tool for intellectuals and officials but it has become a means of communication for professional artisans as well as amateur enthusiasts. Calligraphers use their brushes to make beautiful forms and records, and there are five different styles of the script to make them, known as a seal, official, cursive, running, and regular. The art may appear on any writing surface–including the rocky walls of cliffs–but it is particularly common on letters, scrolls, works of literature, and fan coverings.
Besides the traditional teacher-apprentice approach, today's calligraphy is taught at schools as well. National celebrations and rituals that mark national holidays incorporate calligraphy, and the practice is influential on modern art, architecture, and design. In its distinctive Chinese form, calligraphy is important in preserving traditional culture and promoting arts education. Furthermore, this heritage is also a source of pride and pleasure for the Chinese people and symbolizes an important part of the nation's intellectual and artistic heritage.
Approximately 8,000 members belong to the China Calligraphers Association, a non-governmental professional organization with calligraphy research and creation institutes on a national level. These two organizations are key to the propagation and safeguarding of Chinese calligraphy. Shen Peng, Ouyang Zhongshi, Zhang Hai, and Wang Yong are examples of these individuals who have propagated the art. While Chinese calligraphy has carried forward its rich history, it has also absorbed elements from other art forms. However, it remains the most popular and widely practiced form of art in China.
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