The Baltic Song Festivals (Estonian: laulupidu, Latvian: dziesmu svētki, Lithuanian: dainų šventė) are traditional song and dance festivals in the Baltic states. They culminate in large-scale festivals every fifth year in Estonia and Latvia and every fourth year in Lithuania. These events attract up to 40,000 participants, most of whom belong to amateur choirs and dance groups. They feature a wide range of music, ranging from the most ancient folk songs to contemporary compositions. Directed by professional musicians and choir conductors, these choirs practice throughout the year in community centers and cultural institutions. Singers and dancers wear linen clothing, while nature is often emphasized as singers weave symbolic flowers and wreaths into their hair.
Baltic Song and Dance Celebrations were initiated in Estonia in 1869, Latvia in 1873, and Lithuania in 1924 with the participation of the most active choirs from various regions of the countries. Their origins are rooted in similar historical events - in the late 18th century, the three Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania suffered a similar fate. During the period of nationalism revival in the 19th century, ethnic culture and folk songs became very popular in the Baltic States. As a result of the growing popularity of choral music, singing societies, and festivals in Western Europe, choir singing soon spread throughout the Baltic nations. The mass song and dance celebration movement was an influential element in developing national identity among the three Baltic nations. This was especially after breaking away from the Russian Empire and after the Second World War. Historically, the country's practice of song and dance celebrations has served as an expression of national identity. They are based on the mass movement of art lovers – choirs, dancers, and musicians. Songs and dances have nurtured the idea of statehood as well as learning about their own culture and heritage.
The celebration of the Baltic Festival, which has become a tradition, honors national culture and love, as well as human solidarity, and artistic expression. It brings generations together and helps foster ethical values. Since gaining independence in 1991, the Baltic States have taken various measures to ensure the preservation of this tradition. They are also concerned about the impact that major economic and social changes will have on the future. Rural exodus and the consequent dissolution of local amateur groups have become today's primary threats.
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