Art of illumination or Təzhib/Tazhib/Zarhalkori/Tezhip/Naqqoshlik is one the traditional decorative art that has been used for centuries on manuscript leaves, calligraphic edges, and miniatures.
Using traditional forms and motifs with various colors, illumination is usually applied to paper. Golden or gold paint is the key component of illumination. As well as being used in architecture and decorating household items, illumination art had influenced other styles of drawing. Over centuries, the element has been passed from generation to generation and has become part of the collective memory and culture of large communities in the Submitting States (Azerbaijan, Iran, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan).
Due to the fact that illumination is done on sacred texts, apprentices not only learn the use of traditional methods but also the manners of respectful behavior during the practice of the element, as well as the rituals of respectful behavior. Both formal and non-formal education transmits the element. There are many universities, academies, research centers, ateliers, and public and private schools in all Submitting States that teach the element continuously. A number of social and cultural functions are served by illumination in the Submitting States. Due to its role as part of their cultural identity, it enhances historical bonds between past and present and strengthens the sense of continuity between generations.
Today, traditional decorative arts are practiced by hundreds of thousands of artists throughout the world and are of interest to millions of people. As a final benefit, the multinational inscription will foster respect for cultural diversity and traditional arts in communities within the region sharing many cultural similarities with the Submitting States. In Azerbaijan, when cultural expressions related to Islam fell into decay (period of the Soviet Union), masters and apprentices of Təzhib art sustained the element's viability for centuries and managed to keep it alive in the 20th century. The element is also protected by a variety of non- and governmental organizations in Iran. A number of masters conduct private workshops with their students with the collaboration of NGOs, local masters, and communities. In Tajikistan, many books were published adorned with illumination art, and television channels broadcast news and information related to the element. National and international conferences, seminars, and symposia have been organized by practitioners, researchers, and NGOs in Turkey. In order to ensure the viability of this element, private NGOs and art schools have established art classes, master classes, exhibitions, and art contests in Uzbekistan. In addition, the subscribed states have taken steps to ensure safeguards are in place.