Ak-kalpak is a traditional handicraft of Kyrgyz. It is a white felt hat traditionally worn by men that has deep religious significance.
Through Ak-kalpak, different Kyrgyz tribes and communities are brought together and Kyrgyz people become identifiable to other ethnic groups. Furthermore, it fosters inclusivity when other ethnic groups wear it to express unity and sympathy during holidays and days of mourning.
Ak-kalpak comes in more than 80 varieties, each adorned with a design representing a sacred meaning and history. In addition to being environmentally friendly and comfortable, Ak-kalpak resembles a snow peak with four sides to represent the four elements: air, water, fire, and earth. The four edging lines represent life, the tassels symbolize an ancestor's posterity and memory, and the pattern represents a family tree.
The process of making Ak-kalpak, which entails the selection of colors, embroidery patterns and fabrics for edges, requires a deep understanding of the cultural context and the personal characteristics of the future owner. There is therefore an invisible link between the maker of Ak-kalpak and the person wearing it. Craftswomen and Ak-kalpak holders are able to strengthen social and cultural ties by understanding each other's traits and status.
Ak-kalpak craftsmanship has always been highly respected in the society, as evidenced in the language and traditions. As an example, Ak-kalpak cannot be thrown, played with or thrown on the ground. According to the proverb, the one who neglects Ak-kalpak disrespects themselves. As a symbol of respect, Ak-kalpak cannot be given to others as a gift, but only to the next generation.
It is important for women to choose traditional handicrafts as a lifelong vocation, as this generates income and jobs for young women. Ak-kalpak craftsmanship comprises a body of ever-evolving knowledge and skills that has been passed down through generations by craftswomen.
Throughout the country, workshops are being held where skills and knowledge are passed down, and in 2013 a national project entitled "From generation to generation" was conducted on traditional Ak-kalpak making techniques, leading to a national exhibition and book. These days, the Ak-kalpak is an essential component of the official Kyrgyz dress at various official events, and as of 2011, the headgear has been recognized as a de facto national symbol.
At international competitions and events, Kyrgyz athletes wear Ak-kalpak, and when government officials are elected or appointed, they receive the Ak-kalpak. It is now a part of the official state protocol in the independent Kyrgyz Republic to give Ak-kalpak.