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Cross-crafting



Cross-crafting is a Lithuanian folk art tradition that began in the 15th century. It is a combination of craftsmanship, artistry, and faith. There are many steps involved in the making and maintenance of crosses: determining the purpose (in honor of the deceased, God or saints, or protection), choosing the right craftsman, the creation process, the erection and consecration, visits to crosses, and ceremonies to chant and burn a collapsed monument. The wooden crosses carved from oak are associated with Catholic ceremonies and harvest celebrations. Once they are consecrated by a priest, the symbols gain sacred significance. In the nineteenth century, once they were integrated into the orthodox Russian Empire, they became the symbols of national and religious identity.

Many generations ago, people built crosses at home to pray for better harvests, better health, and happiness. Since the 15th century, Lithuanians have built crosses to memorialize the dead and pay homage to their spirits. People never used to pass by a cross without lifting their hats. They prayed, unburdened their minds, or shared their joy with others as they would stop by a cross and show respect. Also, songs and prayers were used to demonstrate respect. Many people left offerings at the crosses and chapels they considered miraculous. Even when the construction of crosses was restricted or forbidden, cross-crafting remained a way of expressing resistance. These monuments became symbols of national identity and unity.

The crosses measure between one and five meters high and are often decorated with a small roof, floral decorations, or geometric patterns. Occasionally they are decorated with statues, such as those of the Virgin Mary and various saints, who are often invoked for assistance in times of distress. Crosses are placed on both sides of roads, near monuments, and at cemeteries. As an offering, a wide variety of items are given, including food, rosaries, money, colored scarves (for example, for weddings), or aprons, asking for fertility. As a symbol of unity within the village, a cross also serves as an effective meeting place.

Since there is no special school for cross-crafting, the carving is taught by other artisans, while experience is gained by working independently, as well as by attending seminars and creative camps. Although cross-craft was forbidden throughout various periods of occupation, it did not stop people from resurrecting crosses during these periods. A good example of cross-crafting vitality can be seen in the ensembles of crosses, the most famous of which is the Hill of Crosses in the Šiauliai region. For now, there are more than 200 cross-craftsmen in Lithuania. Unfortunately, the rural exodus and the uniformity brought about by the influence of mass media are a serious threat to cross-crafting. Parishes ensure the care of the crosses, but further support is needed.

References

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